Diabetes is diagnosed more commonly in cats than in dogs, about 1 in 200 for cats and 1 in 400-500 for dogs. Certain dog breeds are at higher risk, including but not limited to the poodle, dachshund, miniature schnauzer, beagle, keeshond, puli, cairn terrier and miniature pinscher. Diabetes is more common in cats that are male and dogs that are female. Although genetic susceptibility plays a part in the development of diabetes, obesity is a significant factor as well. Also, an underlying disease can increase a dog’s chance of diabetes. Some examples are Cushing’s Disease, pancreatitis, or acromegaly. These diseases are much less common in cats but, if present, can also cause diabetes. In both species, steroids can play an important role as well.
Symptoms that an owner may notice include drinking and urinating excessive amounts, and excessive hunger. In later stages, weight loss, house soiling, vomiting, lethargy and inappetence occur. Diabetes is diagnosed with a combination of blood work and urine testing. After diagnosis, all pets get transitioned over to a diabetic appropriate diet and most are started on insulin injections. In a small subset of cats, diet alone may control the diabetes without the need for insulin. Once diabetes is diagnosed, most pets need to come in once every 7-10 days for blood sugar curves until they are regulated. After the insulin dose is set, most patients just need to come in periodically for rechecks.
Preventative medicine is always best. Although some cases of diabetes are due to an underlying disease, maintaining your pet at a healthy, normal weight and providing plenty of exercise could prevent many pets from developing diabetes.