Gastric Dilatation – Volvulus (GDV) is a life threatening, acute dilation and twisting of the stomach that requires immediate medical attention. Certain breeds are more prone to this condition: Boxers, Great Danes, Standard Poodles, Saint Bernards, Irish Setters, Dobermans, Weimaraners and Gordon Setters among others. These breeds are called deep-chested dogs because they have a large chest and narrow waist. But any similarly shaped dog can be at risk.
GDV is diagnosed based on physical examination, history and abdominal x-rays. Often GDV happens when a pet eats a large meal, or drinks a large amount of water, and then becomes very active. Initially the dog may become restless and try to vomit or retch continuously, yet is unable to produce any vomit. This is because the stomach has twisted, preventing anything from entering or exiting the digestive system. The pressure inside the stomach starts to increase and the dog may salivate and pant excessively. As the patient’s condition progresses, they become lethargic, develop a swollen stomach, and eventually collapse. If not treated, the internal organs can be damaged and without timely treatment this condition is fatal.
Treatment of GDV requires surgery to reduce the pressure in the stomach and return the stomach to its normal position. During the surgery, the stomach and internal organs are examined for damage and then the stomach is attached to the body wall to help prevent a reoccurrence.
Prophylactic suturing of the stomach is sometimes advised in breeds predisposed to GDV during other abdominal surgeries, such as a spay.